TRIGGER GLOBAL WARMING —Emissions AMONG CLIMATE PROJECTS Reforestation.

Climate finance for the African continent got a boost at the 2022 United Nations Climate Conference (CoP27), with the launch of the African Carbon Markets Initiative.

This aims to make climate finance available for African countries, expand access to clean energy, and drive sustainable economic development.

Led by a 13-member steering committee of African leaders, chief executives and industry specialists, the initiative promises to expand the continent’s participation in voluntary carbon markets.

Carbon markets are trading platforms which allow individuals, firms and governments to fund projects that reduce emissions (instead of reducing their own emissions).

Kenya, Malawi, Gabon, Nigeria and Togo have already indicated their intention to collaborate with the market.

Climate projects include reforestation and forest conservation, investments in renewable energy, carbon-storing agricultural practices and direct air capture.

In return for funding projects like these, investors receive carbon credits – certificates used to “offset” the emissions that they continue to produce.

The African initiative’s goal is to produce 300 million new carbon credits annually by 2030, comparable to the number of credits issued globally in voluntary carbon offset markets in 2021.

However, there is considerable scepticism about whether carbon offset credits do mitigate climate change.

Two important issues;

In assessing the effectiveness of carbon credits, one important concern is the concept of additionality.

Emission reductions or removals are “additional” if the project or activity would not have happened without the added incentive provided by the carbon credits.

For example, if a landowner is paid to not cut down trees, but had no plans to cut them down in the first place, the project does not deliver additional emissions savings. The landowner is paid for doing nothing and the buyer’s emissions are not offset.

Providing carbon credits to projects that would have been implemented anyway delivers zero climate mitigation, and can result in global emissions that are higher than if the credits hadn’t been issued.

This is a serious challenge for carbon offset markets because additionality is not measurable, despite industry claims.

While project managers may claim that they are unable to proceed without funding, there is no way of knowing whether these claims are true.

A second issue is permanence. Carbon offsets have to be permanent because carbon emissions remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of years.

It is almost impossible to guarantee that emissions will be offset for this length of time. But it depends on the type of offset project.

There are two types of carbon offset project:

 those that reduce the amount of carbon that is emitted those that remove carbon from the atmosphere.

In the case of carbon reduction projects, overall emissions remain positive. Examples of carbon reduction credits include investments in renewable energy.

Even though the supplier of the carbon credit is not generating any emissions, the buyer continues to emit, and so the overall level of emissions is positive. Carbon neutrality – net-zero emissions – cannot be achieved using carbon reduction credits.

There should be more funding available for carbon reduction activities in Africa, but investors should not receive carbon credits to offset their own emissions when supporting these activities.

Such investments would be philanthropic – for the good of the planet, not to balance the carbon accounting books.

Carbon removal projects do, however, have the potential to deliver a permanent net-zero emissions outcome.

Direct air capture projects, which use chemical reactions to extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store them deep underground, can meet this goal. The cost of direct air capture, however, remains very high.

Forest growth, a less costly type of carbon removal project, is less permanent. Landowners may commit not to cut down trees, but wildfires, disease, and other disruption events can release much of the stored carbon back into the atmosphere.

There is still value to forest carbon credits, but they can’t guarantee permanence. Forest projects provide “carbon deferrals”.

Additional forest growth projects remove carbon from the atmosphere for a fixed amount of time. There is value to this delay because it can reduce peak warming and gives society more time for the costs of de carbonising technologies to fall.

While there is value to these carbon deferral projects, they should not be used to generate carbon credits that are used to permanently offset the emissions produced through economic activity.

Goals of the market;

The African Carbon Markets Initiative has bold ambitions. It will attract investments in Africa by firms, consumers and governments in countries that have historically contributed the most to climate change.

Whether these investments result in any meaningful climate benefit, however, is unclear. Time will tell.

Existing carbon offset projects lack credibility. This doesn’t mean that carbon credits can’t be more useful in future.

Being transparent about what projects actually deliver, rather than what we hope they deliver, is paramount. Given the limited resources available to mitigate climate change, we need more than good intentions.—The Conversation.

 Togo have already indicated their intention to collaborate with the market.

Climate projects include reforestation and forest conservation, investments in renewable energy, carbon-storing agricultural practices and direct air capture.

In return for funding projects like these, investors receive carbon credits – certificates used to “offset” the emissions that they continue to produce.

The African initiative’s goal is to produce 300 million new carbon credits annually by 2030, comparable to the number of credits issued globally in voluntary carbon offset markets in 2021.

However, there is considerable scepticism about whether carbon offset credits do mitigate climate change.

Two important issues

In assessing the effectiveness of carbon credits, one important concern is the concept of “additionality”.

Emission reductions or removals are “additional” if the project or activity would not have happened without the added incentive provided by the carbon credits.

For example, if a landowner is paid to not cut down trees, but had no plans to cut them down in the first place, the project does not deliver additional emissions savings. The landowner is paid for doing nothing and the buyer’s emissions are not offset.

Providing carbon credits to projects that would have been implemented anyway delivers zero climate mitigation, and can result in global emissions that are higher than if the credits hadn’t been issued.

This is a serious challenge for carbon offset markets because additionality is not measurable, despite industry claims.

While project managers may claim that they are unable to proceed without funding, there is no way of knowing whether these claims are true.

A second issue is permanence. Carbon offsets have to be permanent because carbon emissions remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of years.

It is almost impossible to guarantee that emissions will be offset for this length of time. But it depends on the type of offset project.

There are two types of carbon offset project: those that reduce the amount of carbon that is emitted those that remove carbon from the atmosphere.

In the case of carbon reduction projects, overall emissions remain positive. Examples of carbon reduction credits include investments in renewable energy.

Even though the supplier of the carbon credit is not generating any emissions, the buyer continues to emit, and so the overall level of emissions is positive. Carbon neutrality – net-zero emissions – cannot be achieved using carbon reduction credits.

There should be more funding available for carbon reduction activities in Africa, but investors should not receive carbon credits to offset their own emissions when supporting these activities.

Such investments would be philanthropic – for the good of the planet, not to balance the carbon accounting books.

Carbon removal projects do, however, have the potential to deliver a permanent net-zero emissions outcome.

Direct air capture projects, which use chemical reactions to extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store them deep underground, can meet this goal. The cost of direct air capture, however, remains very high.

Forest growth, a less costly type of carbon removal project, is less permanent. Landowners may commit not to cut down trees, but wildfires, disease, and other disruption events can release much of the stored carbon back into the atmosphere.

There is still value to forest carbon credits, but they can’t guarantee permanence. Forest projects provide “carbon deferrals”.

Additional forest growth projects remove carbon from the atmosphere for a fixed amount of time. There is value to this delay because it can reduce peak warming and gives society more time for the costs of de carbonising  technologies to fall.

While there is value to these carbon deferral projects, they should not be used to generate carbon credits that are used to permanently offset the emissions produced through economic activity.

Goals of the market;

The African Carbon Markets Initiative has bold ambitions. It will attract investments in Africa by firms, consumers and governments in countries that have historically contributed the most to climate change.

Whether these investments result in any meaningful climate benefit, however, is unclear. Time will tell.

Existing carbon offset projects lack credibility. This doesn’t mean that carbon credits can’t be more useful in future.

Being transparent about what projects actually deliver, rather than what we hope they deliver, is paramount. Given the limited resources available to mitigate climate change, we need more than good intentions.—The Conversation.

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Effects of climate change to animals.

A Call to Action.

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing our world today.

 The overwhelming majority of scientific evidence indicates that human activity is primarily responsible for the warming of our planet, and that if we do not take immediate and significant action, the consequences will be dire.

The effects of climate change are already being felt around the globe. Rising temperatures are causing more frequent and severe heat waves, droughts, and wildfires. Rising sea levels are flooding coastal communities and threatening small island nations. Changing weather patterns are leading to crop failures and food shortages.

 And all of these effects are disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations, such as low-income communities and people living in developing countries.

The causes of climate change are well-established. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other human activities are releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

 These gases trap heat from the sun, warming the planet. The overwhelming majority of scientists agree that the warming we are currently experiencing is primarily caused by human activity.

But despite the overwhelming evidence, there are still those who deny the reality of climate change.

 Some argue that the warming is just part of a natural cycle, or that the science is not yet settled. But the science is settled. The overwhelming majority of scientific research indicates that human activity is driving the warming of our planet, and that if we do not take immediate and significant action, the consequences will be dire.

So what can we do to address climate change? The most important step is to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions.

 This means transitioning to clean energy sources, such as solar and wind power, and away from fossil fuels. 

It also means investing in energy efficiency and conservation, as well as in new technologies that can capture and store carbon dioxide.

But reducing emissions is not enough. We also need to remove carbon dioxide that is already in the atmosphere. 

This can be done through a variety of methods, such as reforestation and soil carbon sequestration.

In addition to reducing emissions and removing carbon from the atmosphere, we also need to adapt to the changes that are already happening. 

This means building sea walls to protect against rising sea levels, planting drought-resistant crops, and improving water management.

It is important to note that tackling climate change will require global cooperation. No single country or region can solve this problem alone. We need to work together to reduce emissions, remove carbon from the atmosphere, and adapt to the changes that are already happening.

We also need to recognize that the impacts of climate change will be felt most keenly by the most vulnerable people in the world: those living in poverty, in coastal communities, and in developing countries. We have a moral obligation to help these communities adapt to the changes that are coming and to support them as they reduce their own emissions.

The good news is that there are solutions to climate change. We have the technology and the knowledge to reduce emissions, remove carbon from the atmosphere, and adapt to the changes that are already happening. But we need to act now. The longer we wait, the harder and more expensive it will be to address this problem.

We need to take immediate and significant action to address climate change. This means transitioning to clean energy sources, investing in energy efficiency and conservation, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and adapting to the changes that are already happening. It also means working together, at the local, national, and global level, to reduce emissions and support the most vulnerable people in the world.

The time for action is now. We must take responsibility for our actions and work together to address this global crisis. If we do not act now, the consequences will be dire. But if we take immediate and significant action, we can still have a chance.

CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE.

I am Zena going to talk more about climate and climate change,it cause welcome to my blog consider subscribing and turn on notifications bell,you are welcome to my blog.

Climate; 

The weather condition prevailing in an area in a general and over long period of time.

Climate change ;

A change in global or regional climate pattern in particular change apparently from the mid of 20 onwards and attributed largely to increases levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce by its fossils.

There are different type of climate change;

1)tropical

2)dry

3)mild

4)polar

Causes of climate change.

a) overfishing;

Fish is one of human main source of protein and a lot of people in the world now rely on this industry,due to the amount of people buying and consuming fish there is now reduction as mount of marine life .

Overfishing has also led to lack of diversity within the oceans. 

b) industrialization;

 Growth of industry has both advantage and disadvantages .

Advantages

Creation of job opportunities ,people are employed in the industry y and able to have better living class.

Improve on infrastructure, people living around the area tend to enjoys good roads, hospitals and schools.etc

Disadvantages 

Smokes from the industry led to air borne  illness this affect people living around the area.

Some industry dispose it's waste product carelessly in the river this destroying  all the marine live.

Toxic fumes affect the clouds producing rains which can led to drought thus affect normal place weather.

Deforestation;

Deforestation is cutting down of trees either for building or use to make charcoal.

 

Tree are the source of rains in a place when there is to much cutting of trees without replacing Is done in a place it can cause climate change of a place.

Human activities;

The main cause of climate change, people burn fossil,fuel and convert land from forest to agricultural .

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution people have burned more fossil and change are from forest to farm land.

Farming;

Farming take up to a lot of green space meaning local environment can be destroyed to created space for farming,these animal produce a lot of green house gases for example methane as well as it also produce extreme amount of waste. 

factory farming I responsible for even more climate issue because of extra pollution it produce and the more animal can hold.

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WAVE OF DEATH;the reality and pain climate change in kenya

 

In Kenya there's no water for them and their livestock,it hasn't rained for more than three seasons and water has become a precious, commodity in this part of Kenya .

The global climate is changing faster

than anticipated and the effects are

crystal to see what climate change has meant is that, when the rains do come they come at different times and in such extreme volumes that they cause floods, and too little water is siphoning life out of people and their livelihoods, very unusual sites like dead giraffes,donkeys and camels are becoming common in part of Kenya like you hear that this are is still part of northeastern Kenya.

 Some Changing times mean new ways of survival, in recent months after vast the country from North Eastern to coast and to the rift valley, I've been looking at climate change and its effects on people .

I've seen people struggling to survive some people lose their livelihoods, and I've also seen people working extra hard to beat the effects of climate change.

Now this is the story of climate change in Kenya and how people are surviving,

   in Tana River underground w I'mater walls a group of women and men are searching;for the now precious commodity;with a mega drought ongoing and underground water levels decreasing they bhave to dig deeper same day .

Foreign underground water they scoop everything as they pull out a jerrican or two many are waiting outside.

A good number two week ,two young people climb down and foreign thing

 Made them slide but for some their bones and muscle have no power.

 Sickness and lack of food and water is eating away their flesh communities who has been forced to migrate in search of water and pasture for his livestock his cattle mean everything to him it' everything he own .

In Kenya the reality of climate chang is already home droughts are becoming longer and heat waves are becoming hotter.

It's becoming so dry that it's

preserving its victims like never before, people were happy and they were outside the homestead now you see people are all over they do not have anything else to do they don't make the planet unsustainable

because these changes are not just

happening here they are occurring in many parts of the world I've also

realized that everyone must adapt to

survive and those in power must act and act very fast .

Chat Replay is disabled for this have livestock that's why they are here just saying I don't know, and also we are lacking food but my household people love coming my household because I can't give them food and even if we don't have food you  just stay here and be happy together and all these people when when you see them, and try to when they some of them when they remove their shirts you can see that they are very mannered because we are not getting enough I imagine to see people who were thirst or hungry but I've seen people who are actually losing their livelihoods too in many cases seeing depression.

 On top of of hunger and thirst and when it trains floods are sweeping everything on the way. my name is Murray Roberts and I'm here with my partner  and we are dealing with semi-arid Pasta Production so all around this area there are many many many fields that we have planted with the local communities unfortunately many of them are now flooded so where the people were making a good living buying and selling livestock fattening cattle selling hay and so on now the destitute.

First of all the rains this year wer which we can attribute I think to global warming secondly the deforestation is really causing a lot more water to come into the lake than would normally come in forests act like a sponge and with that sponge effect missing then we're starting to look at flash flooding and that water is no longer being held in the Mao up on the Kirito areas and son but they just come it just comes straight down into the lake so that is one thing now the lake itself.

I think the water may have come up something in the region of 50 feet

from the bottom to from where it was to now and in some area,  we're looking at maybe five kilometers that the lake is flooded not to mention Villages schools, dispensaries and so on it's been devastating got cut  to power development has negatively increased the global temperature by over one degree Celsius and the atmosphere is collapsing burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide .

It acts like a blanket that absorbs heat waves from the Earth's surface and that keeps the surface warmer than it will be otherwise the problem is carbon dioxide has longer lifespan it lives for more than a hundred years and that is where the problem lies now there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere the world we live in hotter than it was during pre-industrial times,the warming is enough to bring about the changes we are calling climate change border is where the story of human survival begins Northeastern is one of the driest places in Kenya .

Locals say heat waves are becoming

intense and more frequent the soils are drying up to a degree never seen before and the results devastating droughts scientists say the planet's temperature has risen unusually fast and the people of Northeastern Kenya are feeling it these people have lived here since th beginning of time resilient and resourceful they have devised survival tactics and

cultures and deep bones with these dry lands but something is changing and it's changing fast unusual sights are becoming too common giraffes donkeys and camels are dying there is no water no pasture for them over 70 percent of livestock here in County have die and it's a big problem for the people again pastoralism is their way of life they depend on livestock for virtually everything the losses are devastating they are just praying for Reigns to come for the partners across the world i don't ignore what's happening in East Africa the food crisis is real I've see it face to face and these people might not be as front page today as Ukraine is but they need us to help them to support

them now more than ever habitats of these dry lands of North Eastern Kenya,  and tana River must adapt to survive well Tana River appears to be a county of contrast  on one hand people are losing their livelihoods carcasses here carcasses them but on the other side and along river Tana, people are putting on a shift for those close to water bodies like river tana adapting means embracing a different way of life crop farming Foreighn this area is still part of Northeastern Kenya just along river China and residents her have decided to do agriculture tapping.

water from the river to change their lives from pastoralists to Farmers and it just looks awesome on one side you can see Mongols on the other side you can see other crops Maize farms and it' just in the North Eastern Kenya it just shows the potential the northern part of Kenya has to turn things around area on the border between Tana River and counties

pastoralists are transitioning to mixed farming is foreign armed with the generator they are pumping water from river tana to irrigate their Farms they do Basin irrigation with a generator pumping water into the canal that eventually flood theirs.

 Farms besides food residents are growing trees which are bringing that cooling effect in a rather hot environment I almost fell and like in many parts of this region there is plenty of pasture for their

livestock.

There is a  believe that many more people can transition if help is accorded to them Tana River and Northeastern Kenya I realized that something must be done and must be done fast or increased heat waves due to climate change  Premiere.

WAVE OF DEATH: The reality and pain of climate change in Kenya.

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